Flight time: Toronto to New York

Route details

Distance breakdown: Toronto to New York

The 588-km great-circle distance between Toronto (43.68°N, 79.62°W) and New York (40.64°N, 73.78°W) spans 3.0° of latitude and 5.8° of longitude, trending primarily east. In miles, this is 365 mi or 318 nautical miles. The great-circle path — the shortest distance over Earth's curved surface — is calculated using the Haversine formula from the two airports' precise coordinates.

Cruise speed and flight phases

Short-haul flights like Toronto to New York (588 km) spend a proportionally larger amount of time climbing to and descending from cruise altitude. Aircraft typically reach an effective cruise speed of 650–750 km/h, lower than on long-haul routes where most time is spent at optimal altitude. The climb phase alone takes 15–20 minutes, during which the aircraft covers only about 150–200 km. Combined with descent and approach, the effective average speed drops significantly from the theoretical cruise speed, yielding the 1h 17m to 1h 44m estimate for this route.

Ground time and routing overhead

Our 30–50 minutes overhead allowance covers: taxi-out at YYZ, takeoff and initial climb, descent and approach at JFK, and taxi-in to the gate. YYZ is a major international hub where taxi times of 15–25 minutes are common during peak periods. At JFK, arrival taxi and gate assignment can add 10–20 minutes, especially during busy arrival banks. Continental air traffic corridors between Toronto and New York may add 3–8% beyond the great-circle distance. Standard instrument departures and arrivals at both airports use predefined routing that adds distance but ensures safe separation.

Return flight: New York → Toronto

The return flight from New York to Toronto is generally similar in duration to the outbound — typically within 10–20 minutes. Continental routes like this one are less affected by the jet stream asymmetry that makes oceanic east-west routes so uneven. The main variables affecting any difference are: prevailing winds at these latitudes (modest effect), different standard instrument departures/arrivals at each airport (minor effect), and air traffic congestion patterns that vary by time of day and direction.

Seasonal variation in flight times

On this short 588-km route, seasonal flight time variation is minimal — typically under 10 minutes. The main seasonal factor is not wind (which has less effect on short flights) but weather-related delays: winter fog, de-icing procedures, and thunderstorm diversions in summer can extend actual gate-to-gate times. YYZ and JFK each have their own seasonal delay patterns that affect overall travel time more than en-route conditions.

Airport information

Toronto Pearson International Airport (YYZ) is a major international hub in Toronto, Canada. As a tier-1 airport, it handles high traffic volumes, which means longer average taxi times but also higher flight frequency and competition that can benefit travelers on pricing. John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) is a major international hub in New York, United States. As a tier-1 airport, it handles high traffic volumes, which means longer average taxi times but also higher flight frequency and competition that can benefit travelers on pricing.

Flight times from Toronto to other destinations

Flight time FAQ: Toronto to New York