Flight time: Madrid to San Francisco

Route details

Distance breakdown: Madrid to San Francisco

The 9,330-km great-circle distance between Madrid (40.50°N, 3.57°W) and San Francisco (37.62°N, 122.38°W) spans 2.9° of latitude and 118.8° of longitude, trending primarily west. In miles, this is 5,797 mi or 5038 nautical miles. The great-circle path — the shortest distance over Earth's curved surface — is calculated using the Haversine formula from the two airports' precise coordinates.

Cruise speed and flight phases

On this 9,330-km long-haul route, aircraft spend the majority of the 10h 52m to 12h 13m journey at optimal cruise altitude of 35,000–42,000 feet, where modern wide-body jets achieve true airspeeds of 820–900 km/h (Mach 0.82–0.86). The initial climb and final descent represent a smaller fraction of total flight time compared to shorter routes. Aircraft like the Boeing 777, 787, or Airbus A350 typically operate routes of this distance, with step climbs during the flight to reach progressively more efficient altitudes as fuel burns off and the aircraft lightens.

Ground time and routing overhead

Our 30–50 minutes overhead allowance covers: taxi-out at MAD, takeoff and initial climb, descent and approach at SFO, and taxi-in to the gate. MAD is a major international hub where taxi times of 15–25 minutes are common during peak periods. At SFO, arrival taxi and gate assignment can add 10–20 minutes, especially during busy arrival banks. Oceanic tracks between Madrid and San Francisco follow organized route systems (like the North Atlantic Track system) that may add 5–10% to the theoretical great-circle distance. These tracks are assigned daily based on forecast winds.

Return flight: San Francisco → Madrid

The return flight from San Francisco to Madrid differs noticeably in duration due to upper-atmosphere wind patterns along this oceanic corridor. The jet stream — a high-altitude river of fast-moving air flowing generally from west to east — creates an asymmetry: the eastbound leg (San Francisco to Madrid if eastbound, otherwise Madrid to San Francisco) is typically 20–60 minutes shorter. Airlines adjust fuel loads and even routing to account for this, sometimes flying more southerly or northerly tracks on the headwind leg to minimize the impact. Over a year, the average time difference between the two directions on this specific route is estimated at 30–45 minutes.

Seasonal variation in flight times

Transatlantic flight times between Madrid and San Francisco show clear seasonal patterns driven by the jet stream. In winter (November–March), the jet stream is at its strongest, creating the largest difference between eastbound and westbound times — sometimes exceeding 1 hour. In summer, the jet stream weakens and shifts north, resulting in more symmetrical flight times but potentially more turbulence-related routing deviations. Spring and autumn transitions are the most unpredictable, with the jet stream shifting rapidly. Weather-related delays are more common in winter at both MAD and SFO, which can add to actual gate-to-gate times beyond the cruise-phase effects.

Airport information

Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport (MAD) is a major international hub in Madrid, Spain. As a tier-1 airport, it handles high traffic volumes, which means longer average taxi times but also higher flight frequency and competition that can benefit travelers on pricing. San Francisco International Airport (SFO) is a major international hub in San Francisco, United States. As a tier-1 airport, it handles high traffic volumes, which means longer average taxi times but also higher flight frequency and competition that can benefit travelers on pricing.

Flight times from Madrid to other destinations

Flight time FAQ: Madrid to San Francisco